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Chapter 11 . Server Configurations 289 *************************** 60. row Variable_name: max_user_connections Value: 0 *************************** 61. row Variable_name: max_tmp_tables Value: 32 *************************** 62. row Variable_name: max_write_lock_count Value: 4294967295 *************************** 63. row Variable_name: myisam_recover_options Value: BACKUP,FORCE *************************** 64. row Variable_name: myisam_max_extra_sort_file_size Value: 256 *************************** 65. row Variable_name: myisam_max_sort_file_size Value: 2047 *************************** 66. row Variable_name: myisam_sort_buffer_size Value: 8388608 *************************** 67. row Variable_name: net_buffer_length Value: 1024 *************************** 68. row Variable_name: net_read_timeout Value: 30 *************************** 69. row Variable_name: net_retry_count Value: 10 *************************** 70. row Variable_name: net_write_timeout Value: 60 *************************** 71. row Variable_name: open_files_limit Value: 0 *************************** 72. row Variable_name: pid_file Value: /usr/local/var/slackware.pid *************************** 73. row Variable_name: port Value: 3306 *************************** 74. row Variable_name: protocol_version Value: 10 *************************** 75. row Variable_name: record_buffer Value: 131072 *************************** 76. row Variable_name: query_buffer_size Value: 0
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288 Part III . Administration *************************** 43. row Variable_name: locked_in_memory Value: OFF *************************** 44. row Variable_name: log Value: OFF *************************** 45. row Variable_name: log_update Value: OFF *************************** 46. row Variable_name: log_bin Value: OFF *************************** 47. row Variable_name: log_slave_updates Value: OFF *************************** 48. row Variable_name: long_query_time Value: 10 *************************** 49. row Variable_name: low_priority_updates Value: OFF *************************** 50. row Variable_name: lower_case_table_names Value: 0 *************************** 51. row Variable_name: max_allowed_packet Value: 1047552 *************************** 52. row Variable_name: max_binlog_cache_size Value: 4294967295 *************************** 53. row Variable_name: max_binlog_size Value: 1073741824 *************************** 54. row Variable_name: max_connections Value: 100 *************************** 55. row Variable_name: max_connect_errors Value: 10 *************************** 56. row Variable_name: max_delayed_threads Value: 20 *************************** 57. row Variable_name: max_heap_table_size Value: 8387584 *************************** 58. row Variable_name: max_join_size Value: 4294967295 *************************** 59. row Variable_name: max_sort_length Value: 1024
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Chapter 11 . Server Configurations 287 *************************** 26. row Variable_name: have_innodb Value: DISABLED *************************** 27. row Variable_name: have_isam Value: YES *************************** 28. row Variable_name: have_raid Value: NO *************************** 29. row Variable_name: have_ssl Value: NO *************************** 30. row Variable_name: init_file Value: *************************** 31. row Variable_name: innodb_data_file_path Value: *************************** 32. row Variable_name: innodb_data_home_dir Value: *************************** 33. row Variable_name: innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit Value: OFF *************************** 34. row Variable_name: innodb_log_arch_dir Value: *************************** 35. row Variable_name: innodb_log_archive Value: OFF *************************** 36. row Variable_name: innodb_log_group_home_dir Value: *************************** 37. row Variable_name: innodb_flush_method Value: *************************** 38. row Variable_name: interactive_timeout Value: 28800 *************************** 39. row Variable_name: join_buffer_size Value: 131072 *************************** 40. row Variable_name: key_buffer_size Value: 12288 *************************** 41. row Variable_name: language Value: /usr/local/share/mysql/english/ *************************** 42. row Variable_name: large_files_support Value: ON
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286 Part III . Administration *************************** 10. row Variable_name: bdb_tmpdir Value: *************************** 11. row Variable_name: bdb_version Value: Sleepycat Software: Berkeley DB 3.2.9a: (June 12, 2001) *************************** 12. row Variable_name: binlog_cache_size Value: 32768 *************************** 13. row Variable_name: character_set Value: latin1 *************************** 14. row Variable_name: character_sets Value: latin1 dec8 dos german1 hp8 koi8_ru latin2 swe7 usa7 cp1251 danish hebrew win1251 estonia hungarian koi8_ukr win1251ukr greek win1250 croat cp1257 latin5 *************************** 15. row Variable_name: concurrent_insert Value: ON *************************** 16. row Variable_name: connect_timeout Value: 5 *************************** 17. row Variable_name: datadir Value: /usr/local/var/ *************************** 18. row Variable_name: delay_key_write Value: ON *************************** 19. row Variable_name: delayed_insert_limit Value: 100 *************************** 20. row Variable_name: delayed_insert_timeout Value: 300 *************************** 21. row Variable_name: delayed_queue_size Value: 1000 *************************** 22. row Variable_name: flush Value: OFF *************************** 23. row Variable_name: flush_time Value: 0 *************************** 24. row Variable_name: have_bdb Value: DISABLED *************************** 25. row Variable_name: have_gemini Value: NO
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Chapter 11 . Server Configurations 285 Variable What it does slow_launch_time Increments a counter if a thread takes longer than this interval to launch. sort_buffer Allocates buffer for functions that sort. table_cache Sets maximum number of open tables across all threads. thread_cache_size Sets number of threads to keep in cache for reuse. thread_stack Sets size of stack for an individual thread. tmp_table_size Sets maximum size for a temp table before being converted to myisam. wait_timeout Sets maximum time to wait for a connection until it is timed out. The server I ve been using in many of the examples in this book is a convenient example of setting variables. It s a Pentium 200MMX with 96MB RAM, running Slackware Linux. On this server, I had to change a couple of settings to avoid using up all the memory. The defaults for my server are as follows: *************************** 1. row Variable_name: ansi_mode Value: OFF *************************** 2. row Variable_name: back_log Value: 50 *************************** 3. row Variable_name: basedir Value: /usr/local/ *************************** 4. row Variable_name: bdb_cache_size Value: 8388600 *************************** 5. row Variable_name: bdb_log_buffer_size Value: 0 *************************** 6. row Variable_name: bdb_home Value: *************************** 7. row Variable_name: bdb_max_lock Value: 10000 *************************** 8. row Variable_name: bdb_logdir Value: *************************** 9. row Variable_name: bdb_shared_data Value: OFF
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284 Part III . Administration Table 11-1 (continued) Variable What it does max_binlog_cache_size Sets maximum size of the cache for the binary log. max_binlog_size Sets maximum size of the binary log. max_connections Sets maximum number of simultaneous connections. max_connect_errors Sets maximum number of errors from a given host. max_delayed_threads Sets maximum number of threads to start for INSERT DELAYED statements. max_heap_table_size Sets maximum size for a HEAP table. max_join_size Sets maximum size for joins. max_sort_length Sets number of bytes to use for sorting BLOB and TEXT columns. max_user_connections Sets maximum number of simultaneous user connections. max_tmp_tables Sets maximum number of temporary tables to create. max_write_lock_count Sets number of write locks that occur before a read lock is enabled. myisam_max_extra_sort_ Sets maximum size before the key cache is used. file_size myisam_max_sort_file_size Sets maximum size of the temporary file used to create an index with myisam table. myisam_sort_buffer_size Sets size of buffer for myisam index functions. net_buffer_length Sets size of communications buffer. net_read_timeout Specifies time to wait between reads before closing a thread. net_retry_count Specifies number of times to retry a connection before closing. net_write_timeout Specifies time to wait between writes before closing a thread. open_files_limit Specifies number of file descriptors to open. query_buffer_size Sets initial size of the query buffer. record_buffer Specifies buffer to use for threads that do sequential scans. skip_locking Indicates whether internal or external locking is in use.
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Chapter 11 . Server Configurations 283 Variable What it does connect_timeout Determines the length of time mysqld will wait for a connection. delay_key_write Determines when the key can be flushed (tables with this option active cannot have the key flushed until the table is closed). delayed_insert_limit Sets number of rows to be inserted before the delay is released. delayed_insert_timeout Sets amount of time to wait for INSERT DELAYED statements. delayed_queue_size Sets size of the queue for INSERT DELAYED statements in rows. flush_time Sets time (in seconds) to free up resources by closing all tables. have_bdb Enabled if BerkeleyDB (BDB) tables are available. have_gemini Enabled if Gemini tables are available. have_innodb Enabled if InnoDB tables are available. have_isam Indicates whether ISAM tables are available. have_raid Indicates whether RAID will be used. have_ssl Indicates whether SSL is available. interactive_timeout Sets amount of time mysqld waits for activity on interactive clients. join_buffer_size Sets size of buffer used for full JOIN operations. key_buffer_size Sets size of buffer used for indexes shared among threads. large_files_support Indicates whether this version of mysqld supports large files. log Indicates whether the logging of all queries is enabled. log_update Indicates whether the logging of updates is enabled. log_bin Indicates whether a binary log file format is in use. log_slave_updates Indicates whether updates from the slave should be logged. long_query_time Sets number of seconds before the Slow Queries counter is enabled. max_allowed_packet Sets maximum size of any one packet. Continued
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282 Part III . Administration Figure 11-1: Partial output from the mysqladmin variables statement Table 11-1 shows some MySQL server variables command, along with brief descriptions of their purposes. The additional variables presented in the output of the mysqladmin variables do not affect server performance. Most of those variables and settings are discussed in other chapters throughout the book. Table 11-1 MySQL server variables Variable What it does bdb_cache_size Sets size of buffer for caching rows and indexes of BDB tables. bdb_log_buffer_size Sets size of buffer for the BDB logs. bdb_max_lock Sets maximum number of locks you can have on a BDB table. binlog_cache_size Sets size of cache for statements to be put into the binary log.
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Server Configurations As evidenced nearly everywhere in this book, MySQL is highly customizable. From customizations during the installation process detailed in Chapters 3, 4, and 5 to configurations for the CLI that I wrote about in Chapter 8, MySQL is the most customizable major database server available. Of course you would expect so since you can download the source code for MySQL and write it to your exact specifications. In this chapter I m going to examine server configurations and customizations through the use of the my.cnf or my.ini configuration files. These configurations will mainly work with server variables and switches for the mysqld server process. I ll begin with a look at the variables and switches themselves and then use some samples that come with the MySQL software for small, medium, and large installations. MySQL Server Variables MySQL can and should be tuned to the physical server hardware that it is running on and for the main application or applications that it will be serving. A great many variables can be changed that alter the way a server operates. When set correctly these variables can improve the performance of the server and thus the applications using the database. As you would expect, when set incorrectly these variables can degrade the performance of the server as well. In this section I ll examine the variables themselves. Viewing current server variables You can look at all the variables and settings for the server through the SHOW VARIABLESstatement from in the MySQL CLI or with the mysqladmin variables command. The statement and command yield the same results, as shown in Figure 11-1. The command to reproduce the output shown in Figure 11-1 is mysqladmin variables; the full output follows. 11 1111 CHAPTER …. In This Chapter Classifying MySQL server variables Benchmarking and testing MySQL Examining sample configuration files Developing your own configuration file Running more than one MySQL Server on the same machine ….
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PART Administration III IIIIII …. In This Part Chapter 11 Server Configurations Chapter 12 Security Chapter 13 Debugging and Repairing Databases Chapter 14 Performance Tuning ….
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