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496 Part IV . Development Figure 17-4: Click the MySQL driver to select it for installation. Next you configure the MySQL data source. When presented with the list of Data Sources, click once to highlight sample-MySQL (MySQL), as in Figure 17-5. With sample-MySQL (MySQL)highlighted, click the Setup button to bring up the MySQL default configuration box. Set whichever options you need (for example, MySQL Host, User, Password, and so on), as illustrated in Figure 17-6. When finished, click OK. You can change the options later via the ODBC applet, located in Control Panel on Windows 95 and 98 and Administrative Tools on Windows 2000 and XP. Once you have configured MyODBC, click Close. You should see a success message like that in Figure 17-7. Figure 17-5: Click sample-MySQL (MySQL) in the list of available data sources.
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Chapter 17 . ODBC/JDBC 495 Figure 17-2: Locating the setup program in Windows Explorer Setup of MyODBC begins with a Welcome screen (see Figure 17-3). What you re being welcomed to is actually the installation process, not MyODBC itself. Click Continue to move to the next screen, which prompts you to choose a driver to install. MySQL is the only choice; click once to highlight it, and then click OK to continue, as shown in Figure 17-4. Figure 17-3: Don t be fooled; you re still installing MyODBC.
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494 Part IV . Development Note Throughout this chapter, I show examples of installing MyODBC and working with ODBC in Windows; the version of Windows that I use for these examples may be different from the version you re using the ODBC Control Panel applet may not be located in Control Panel in your version. Though I ve noted such differences throughout the chapter, I also believe that the locations for such features as the ODBC applet may change in future versions of Windows. An Introduction to MyODBC MyODBC is the MySQL AB driver for making an ODBC connection to MySQL. This section examines where to get the software as well as how to install and use MyODBC. Where to get MyODBC MyODBC can be downloaded directly from MySQL AB s Web site at http://www.mysql.com/. MyODBC comes packed in a zip archive for Windows, so you need some form of unzipping program to unpack the software. Installing MyODBC The first step in the installation of MyODBC is to unpack the zipped archive. Because the software comes with its own setup program, unpack it to a temporary location; the setup program installs it from there. For the example, I unpack the archive to c:tempmyodbc, as in Figure 17-1. Once unpacked, open Windows Explorer and point to the directory you just unpacked to, in this case c:tempmyodbc. Double-click setup.exe to begin the setup of MyODBC, as in Figure 17-2. Figure 17-1: Unpacking the MyODBC archive
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ODBC/JDBC 17 1717 CHAPTER Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) is the means by which third-party applications can connect to and work with data sources. Using ODBC, you can take data stored in a MySQL (or other) database and link it to ODBC-enabled applications. Such applications can include widely available products such as Microsoft Word and Access. Note Check the documentation of your applications to make sure they are ODBC-enabled before you use ODBC to connect your documents to data sources. In addition, an object called Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) defines the methods by which Java programs and applets connect to and work with data sources. In fact, MySQL offers a JDBC-enabled interface (JDBC API) used to connect Java programs and applets to MySQL. The JDBC API is available for download from MySQL AB s Web site. This chapter examines ODBC with MySQL. The MySQL driver for ODBC is distributed by MySQL AB and is called MyODBC. MyODBC is available for a number of platforms including Linux and Windows. This chapter concentrates on the Windows installation and use of MyODBC. I ll also examine the MySQL JDBC, concentrating on the Linux installation and use of the JDBC API. The MySQL JDBC driver is third-party software, not developed directly by MySQL AB. …. In This Chapter Introducing MyODBC Using MyODBC Getting to know the MySQL JDBC API Using the MySQL JDBC API ….
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Chapter 16 . PHP Development 491 Figure 16-28: If I try to go to the page after the cookie has expired, I get a Session Expired message. Summary PHP, a development language that can be installed on a number of platforms and with many Web servers, includes many functions for interacting with a MySQL server. Some of these functions replace MySQL functions. PHP has some notable similarities to Perl. Using PHP and its MySQL functions, you can develop complex applications with relative ease. . PHP can be interwoven within HTML to make complex programs while preserving the page design. . PHP variables need not be declared explicitly. Most variables, including arrays, are called using a dollar-sign character ($). . You connect to a MySQL server by using the mysql_connect() function. You disconnect using the mysql_close() function. Databases are selected with mysql_select_db(). . Queries are sent to the database server with the mysql_query()function. The mysql_unbuffered_query()function can be used if you do not need to look at the results. . There are numerous functions for retrieving the results of a query including mysql_fetch_row, mysql_fetch_array, and mysql_fetch_assoc. . The mysql_num_rows()function is good for quickly determining the success or failure of an operation or statement. . Keep http://www.php.netbookmarked for answers to most, if not all, your PHP-related questions. …
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490 Part IV . Development Figure 16-26: The resulting page when validated. This page could also be another resource, a redirect, or any other valid object. When attempting to go to the protected resource, userpage.php, the cookies are validated against the database (as shown in Figure 16-27). In fact, the function call returns the group for my user, admin. Using this information, I could grant or deny further access by group within userpage.php. Finally, if the session has expired (I allowed only a 60-second cookie life), the userpage.php script notices this and returns the appropriate result, as illustrated in Figure 16-28. Figure 16-27: The cookies are validated when calling userpage.php.
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Chapter 16 . PHP Development 489 Figure 16-23: Password incorrect when attempting to sign in When I manage to type my password correctly, the cookies are sent, as shown in Figures 16-24 through 16-26. Figure 16-24: When authenticated, a session cookie is sent first. Figure 16-25: After the session-ID cookie is sent, an md5 version of my username is sent in a cookie.
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488 Part IV . Development # inform an admin here since no user # cookie might mean someone is # doing something naughty. print Invalid requestn ; exit; } else { require ( /usr/local/apache/htdocs/chap16/cookie_auth.php ); $group = check_session($cookie_session,$cookie_user); print Cookie retrieval validated, you are a member of $group groupn ; } ?> In this instance, the resource I want to protect doesn t amount to much more than an example page. But that resource could be any page in which you can use a PHP function. In the example page, first I get the values of the cookies. If they re not set, then something is wrong and the user can t continue. Otherwise (if both cookies are set) call the check_sessionfunction. Notice that the check_session function is called with $group as a target for the result. Doing so grabs the return() value from the function called. The checking of cookies that I get this page to do could also be done inside the check_session function as part of the cookie-checking function. Figure 16-22 shows an example of the sign-in page; Figure 16-23 shows what happens when I type my password wrong. Figure 16-22: The sign-in page for the authentication system
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